PROCESSES :
PROCESSES specifies the maximum number of operating system user processes that can simultaneously connect to Oracle. Its value should allow for all background processes such as locks, job queue processes, and parallel execution processes.
The default values of the SESSIONS and TRANSACTIONS parameters are derived from this parameter. Therefore, if you change the value of PROCESSES, you should evaluate whether to adjust the values of those derived parameters.
SESSIONS :
default value (1.1 * PROCESSES) + 5
SESSIONS specifies the maximum number of sessions that can be created in the system. Because every login requires a session, this parameter effectively determines the maximum number of concurrent users in the system. You should always set this parameter explicitly to a value equivalent to your estimate of the maximum number of concurrent users, plus the number of background processes, plus approximately 10% for recursive sessions.
Oracle uses the default value of this parameter as its minimum. Values between 1 and the default do not trigger errors, but Oracle ignores them and uses the default instead.
The default values of the ENQUEUE_RESOURCES and TRANSACTIONS parameters are derived from SESSIONS. Therefore, if you increase the value of SESSIONS, you should consider whether to adjust the values of ENQUEUE_RESOURCES and TRANSACTIONS as well. (Note that ENQUEUE_RESOURCES is obsolete as of Oracle Database 10g release 2 (10.2).)
In a shared server environment, the value of PROCESSES can be quite small. Therefore, Oracle recommends that you adjust the value of SESSIONS to approximately 1.1 * total number of connections.
In database (1.1 * 200) + 5 = 225
TRANSACTIONS :
default value (1.1 * SESSIONS)
TRANSACTIONS specifies the maximum number of concurrent transactions. Greater values increase the size of the SGA and can increase the number of rollback segments allocated. The default value is greater than SESSIONS (and, in turn, PROCESSES) to allow for recursive transactions.
In database value (1.1 * 225)
= 247
default value (1.1 * PROCESSES) + 5
SESSIONS specifies the maximum number of sessions that can be created in the system. Because every login requires a session, this parameter effectively determines the maximum number of concurrent users in the system. You should always set this parameter explicitly to a value equivalent to your estimate of the maximum number of concurrent users, plus the number of background processes, plus approximately 10% for recursive sessions.
Oracle uses the default value of this parameter as its minimum. Values between 1 and the default do not trigger errors, but Oracle ignores them and uses the default instead.
The default values of the ENQUEUE_RESOURCES and TRANSACTIONS parameters are derived from SESSIONS. Therefore, if you increase the value of SESSIONS, you should consider whether to adjust the values of ENQUEUE_RESOURCES and TRANSACTIONS as well. (Note that ENQUEUE_RESOURCES is obsolete as of Oracle Database 10g release 2 (10.2).)
In a shared server environment, the value of PROCESSES can be quite small. Therefore, Oracle recommends that you adjust the value of SESSIONS to approximately 1.1 * total number of connections.
In database (1.1 * 200) + 5 = 225
TRANSACTIONS :
default value (1.1 * SESSIONS)
TRANSACTIONS specifies the maximum number of concurrent transactions. Greater values increase the size of the SGA and can increase the number of rollback segments allocated. The default value is greater than SESSIONS (and, in turn, PROCESSES) to allow for recursive transactions.
In database value (1.1 * 225)
= 247
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